The term “eating disorder” is used by professionals in the medical and therapeutic fields. It describes various mental health conditions related to an individual’s relationship with food, exercise, and body perception. These disorders often involve abnormal eating behaviours and an excessive focus on body size, weight, or shape. Compared to other mental illnesses, eating disorders are among the most fatal and can significantly impact a person’s psychological and physical health.
There is a spectrum of eating disorders, and below we will explore three of the most common:
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a type of eating disorder where a person experiences an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to a relentless pursuit of thinness. Individuals often restrict food intake and may engage in excessive exercise to lose weight.
Bulimia Nervosa
Individuals with bulimia nervosa frequently consume large amounts of food uncontrollably. To prevent weight gain, they may engage in compensatory behaviours such as vomiting, using laxatives, or excessive exercise. Identifying someone with bulimia can be difficult as they often maintain a healthy weight.
Binge-Eating Disorder:
People with binge-eating disorder frequently consume large quantities of food rapidly, often to the point of discomfort. Unlike those with bulimia, they do not engage in compensatory behaviours. This behaviour can lead to obesity or other digestive system issues.
What are the signs of eating disorders?
As mentioned, there are various types of eating disorders, each with its diagnostic criteria. However, some behavioural patterns related to eating, dieting, or exercising may indicate someone is at risk of an eating disorder. These diagnostic questions include (but are not limited to):
– Have you ever hidden food or eaten in secret?
– Do you avoid social situations, especially those related to food?
– Have you experienced significant weight changes, particularly in a short period?
– Do you constantly think about food, calories, or dieting?
– Do you strongly fear gaining weight, even if your current weight is healthy?
– Has anyone ever told you that you have a distorted perception of your body shape and size, or do you often feel overweight even when you’re not?
– Have you ever had an episode where you ate a large amount of food in a short period and felt out of control?
– Do you frequently engage in compensatory behaviours such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or using laxatives to avoid weight gain?
– Is your self-esteem significantly influenced by your body weight and shape?
– Have you ever used food to cope with difficult emotions, even when you weren’t actually hungry?
– Do you exhibit a high level of selectivity when it comes to eating, avoiding specific textures, smells, or types of food?
If you or someone you know answered “yes” to any of the questions above, it may be time to consider seeking professional help and support. Going to a rehabilitation centre could be a beneficial step to begin your recovery process, as it addresses both disordered eating behaviours and the underlying causes driving such behaviours.
Rehabilitation Plan for People with Eating Disorders
Assessment
Patients will undergo comprehensive physical and psychological assessments to determine their needs and treatment goals. This evaluation typically lasts 5-10 days and helps develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs.
Treatment
The somatic component of treatment involves reintroducing proper nutrition to the individual and monitoring their physical health to promote weight gain and stability while avoiding complications caused by rapid food intake. Additionally, any health problems related to the eating disorder, such as dental or digestive issues, will be addressed.
Post-Treatment Stage
Before completing treatment, patients will receive help from their primary therapist to develop a comprehensive follow-up care plan. This includes connecting them with the necessary professionals to ensure continuous support for their recovery.
What Causes Eating Disorders and Who Is Affected?
There are many stereotypes about the causes and characteristics of eating disorders. A common misconception is that only young girls experience societal pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards. However, studies have shown that up to 40% of those with eating disorders are men, and they are less likely to seek help than women.
Eating disorders are complex conditions influenced by many factors, including genetic, biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. It is important to understand that these disorders are not solely focused on food or weight but are often used as a mechanism to cope with emotional distress and a sense of lack of control. Various factors can play a role in the development of eating disorders:
Genetic and Biological Factors
Psychological Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Family Dynamics
Personality Traits
Concerns About Dieting and Weight
Other Mental Health Conditions
Eating Disorders Can Affect Anyone, Regardless of Age, Gender, or Background
Early intervention and holistic treatment addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of these disorders are crucial for recovery. If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder, it is important to seek professional help promptly to protect your well-being and future.