Extraversion, empathy, openness to experiences, impulsivity, self-confidence, and other complex traits contribute to the formation of a unique personality. How a person perceives and interacts with their environment is determined through a combination of stable characteristics and behavioral patterns. Research and statistics indicate that individuals with personality disorders are more vulnerable to depression, anxiety disorders, addictions, and other mental health issues. Diagnosis is established through secondarily manifested psycho-emotional difficulties. Individuals with personality disorders often struggle to integrate into their environments, engaging in self-destructive and unhealthy coping mechanisms. They frequently face challenges related to the matter of autonomy, anger management, and other issues throughout their lives.

Based on the International Classification of Diseases, we can identify the following personality disorders and their characteristics:

 

Paranoid Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Suspicion: Constantly analyzing situations because of fear of being lied to or tricked.
  • Sensitivity: Easily hurt and taking others’ behavior personally, often perceiving it as cold or rude.
  • Distrust: Questioning the loyalty, sincerity, and intentions of others, preoccupation with unjustified doubts.
  • Significant self-importance: Believing that everything, especially negative events, is directed toward them, perception of attacks on character.
  • Holding grudges.

 

Schizoid Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Emotional coldness, inability to relate to others.
  • Indifference to praise or criticism.
  • Desire for solitude.
  • Difficulty experiencing pleasure.
  • Difficulty perceiving humor.
  • Tendency toward fantasy.
  • Preference for intellectual pursuits over social interactions.

 

Antisocial Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Lack of empathy.
  • Absence of guilt and remorse.
  • Difficulty accepting responsibility.
  • Impulsivity.
  • Easily irritated and angered.
  • Manipulative behavior.
  • Predisposition toward addictions.

 

Histrionic Personality Disorder is characterized by:

  • Self-dramatization.
  • The constant need to be the center of attention.
  • Charming behavior toward others.
  • Excessive concern for appearance.
  • Viewing relationships in an intimate light.
  • Egocentrism.
  • Manipulative behavior.

 

Borderline Personality Disorder (emotionally unstable personality disorder) is characterized by:

 

  • Disrupted identity and unclear self-image.
  • Unstable relationships are marked by intense emotions, fluctuating between extreme positivity and negativity.
  • Viewing people as either very good or very bad.
  • Evaluating events and environments in black-and-white terms.
  • The constant fear of abandonment and efforts to avoid being left.
  • Repetitive self-harming behaviors.
  • Feelings of emptiness.
  • Impulsive behavior.
  • Difficulty managing anger and conflicts (impulsivity followed by regret).
  • Affective reactions (difficulty regulating emotions).
  • Challenges in setting and achieving goals (struggling to maintain a course of action).
  • Impulsive and risky repeated behaviors.
  • High predisposition toward addictions.

 

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Excessive attention to detail and rules.
  • Paralyzing perfectionism.
  • Scrupulousness and conscientiousness
  •  Need for a sense of productivity
  • Significant importance placed on social rules
  • Stubbornness.
  • The desire for others to follow their rules.
  • Excessive caution and indecisiveness.
  • Difficulty adjusting to new situations.
  • Difficulty getting rid of old items.
  • High anxiety when the above criteria are not met.

 

Anxiety Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Constant feelings of tension.
  • Feelings of self-insufficiency.
  • Fear of rejection.
  • Avoidance of entering relationships, often due to fear of rejection.
  • Dread of risk.
  • Difficulty in relationships (fear of embarrassment or ridicule).

 

Schizotypal Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Stiffness.
  • Strange social behavior.
  • Eccentric behavior.
  • High anxiety.
  • Unusual phrases and speech.
  • Unusual affective reactions.
  • Difficulty establishing relationships

 

Narcissistic Personality Disorder is characterized by:

 

  • Feelings of grandiosity.
  • Fantasies of personal success and power.
  • Sense of uniqueness.
  • Need for others to recognize their uniqueness.
  • The feeling of superiority and desire to enjoy privileges, require others to fulfill their desires.
  • Desire to exploit others.
  • The belief that others envy them.
  • Arrogance.